Digital Media Convergence

      Film is rooted in photography and relies on chemical processing. Video is electronic and relies on magnetic tape or discs. Movies used be shot on film, whereas TV shows would be shot on tape. It is best to film in landscape or horizontal. The POV is in relation to the position of the camera and it's angle.      When interviewing someone, the camera should be between 4 and 6 feet away and positioned so the person is not backlit and is slightly to one side. The camera should also be eye level to the person being interviewed.  It is also important to remember head room, so that there isn't too much or not enough space above the person's head, and to make a list of the shots you will need to get.     The frame is the still image or what you can see.     The shot is a standalone component of a moving image taken over time. Some shots can be tightly framed while others can be wider framed.     A scene is the location and p...

    Sound involves pressure and vibration to create a sound wave that travels to our ear. Amplitude is how far in between the crest and the trough of the wave is. Amplitude is measured in decibels. Frequency is how low or high the pitch is.     Microphones are useful for recording sound so that it can be replayed back. Microphones convert sounds that are recorded through transduction. There are many different types of microphones. Some microphones are hand-held, some are lavalier, some are shotgun mics, and there are boundary mics. Dynamic Microphone Condenser  Microphone Moving-Coil Microphone Ribbon Microphone Condenser Microphone There are also different types of pickup patterns: Omnidirectional Bidirectional Unidirectional Some reasons to use an external mic include being able to choose your mic, the sound being equal, and you have better control over your sound. Headphones also help when checking sound, and making sure everything sounds good.

      Some of the original recording formats were videotaping, analog tape, and digital tape. Analog tape was typically used alongside videocassettes, and with digital tape it became easier to copy and edit. The open standards for video and audio recording are specifications that help equipment made by different companies still be compatible with each other.       The MP3 is one of the best known audio codecs ever. The MPEG-4 is important to encoding video to be used on sharing services such as YouTube.     The video encoding settings include: resolution, scanning method, frame rate, and bit rate. Just like for taking pictures a video camera has the same features such as white balance, an iris, and shutter speed.

    Photography is capturing an image through light. Photography can be done on film or digitally. The lowest level camera is a point-and-shoot. Other types of cameras include DSLR's which are prosumer digital cameras, and video cameras. For the cameras, especially DSLR's, there are many different types of lenses including: wide-angle, telephoto, macro, fisheye, and super-telephoto. The different parts of a camera lens are the iris, shutter, and image sensor.       For a digital camera to take a picture it must be exposing the image sensor to light. The exposure triangle is made up of the three components of a camera, aperture, ISO, and shutter speed. The white balance fixes the coloring of the camera to match more to what we see everyday. Focus controls the sharpness of an object in frame. Depth of field is the area that is in focus, and can be shallow or great depending on how much you want in focus.

    A graphic is a visual element that can be physically seen. A graphic is typically created by a human. An image is a representation of something. A raster image is created by dividing the image. Resolution describes the quality of the image and the size and amount of pixels in the image. Vector Graphics are made up of points and lines that create paths.       Each type of device has display screen standards to make sure that an image can be easily viewed on their screen. The aspect ratio indicates the relationship of the width to the height. For moving images, such as movies and TV, there are similar things such as raster scanning, and TV and cinema screen standards.

    Text is the visual version of thought and language. Font is the means of the typefaces style and size. Times New Roman is a typeface, but PostScript 12 point Times New Roman is a font. Text needs to be legible and readable so that it can be easily seen and read. The characteristics that define a typeface are stroke, contrast, stress, weight, posture, proportions, and letterform parts.       There are different types of typefaces including, serif typefaces, san serif typefaces, decorative typefaces, script typefaces, symbol typefaces, and special characters. The different types of font styles are, true and faux font styles, italics, boldface, condensed, expanded, all caps, small caps, underline, strikethrough, font size, font color, baseline shift, super/subscript, and anti-aliasing. Some font transformation that can happen include, color gradients, warping, and drop shadows.